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  2. 3 kHz to 30 kHz
    Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters (an obsolete metric unit equal to 10 kilometers).

    Very low frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency
    VLF refers to radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3 kHz to 30 kHz and wavelengths from 10 to 100 kilometers. There is very little bandwidth in this band of the radio spectrum; therefore, audio (voice) cannot be transmitted and only low data rate coded signals are used.

    Radiation Protection Section - NCDHHS

    radiation.ncdhhs.gov/NewNonIonizing/Lowfrequen…
    Very Low Frequency (VLF) is a radio frequency band in the range of 3 to 30 kHz with wavelengths from 10 to 100km. It has a limited bandwidth and is mostly only used for coded signals with low data rate such as underwater communication.

    Explained: What is Indian Navy’s upcomin…

    telanganatoday.com/explained-what-is-indian-navy…
     
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    What is a very low frequency (VLF)?
    Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters (an obsolete metric unit equal to 10 kilometers).

    Very low frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org
    Why are low frequency signals important?
    Very low frequency signals have large wavelengths that allow them to diffract around large obstacles, propagate as ground waves along the earth’s curvature and penetrate salt water, which is why they have been used by the military for communicating with submarines.

    What is Very Low Frequency (VLF)? - Definition from Techopedia

    techopedia.com
    How many kHz is a typical AM radio signal?
    A typical AM radio signal with a bandwidth of 10 kHz would occupy one third of the VLF band. More significantly, it would be difficult to transmit any distance because it would require an antenna with 100 times the bandwidth of current VLF antennas, which due to the Chu-Harrington limit would be enormous in size.

    Very low frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org
    What is bistatic very low frequency (VLF) transmission?
    Bistatic very low frequency (VLF) transmission experiments have recently been conducted in the magnetosphere using the high-power VLF transmitter on the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) spacecraft and an electric field receiver onboard the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Arase (ERG) spacecraft.

    Space-to-space very low frequency radio transmission in the

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    Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_low_frequency

    Very low frequency - Wikipedia

    Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3–30 kHz, corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 km, respectively. The band is also known as the myriameter band or myriameter wave as the wavelengths range from one to ten myriameters (an obsolete … See more

    Propagation characteristics

    Because of their long wavelengths, VLF radio waves can diffract around large obstacles and so are not blocked by mountain ranges, and … See more

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    Modulation

    Because of the small bandwidth of the band, and the extremely narrow bandwidth of the antennas used, it is impractical to transmit audio signals (AM or FM radiotelephony). … See more

    See also

    • Communication with submarines
    • OMEGA Navigation System, 1971–1997
    • Radio atmospheric See more

    Further reading

    • Romero, R. (2006). Radio Natura (in Italian). Albino, Italy: SANDIT S.r.l.
    • Klawitter, G.; Oexner, M.; Herold, K. (2000). Langwelle und … See more

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    Antennas

    A major practical drawback to the VLF band is that because of the length of the waves, full size resonant antennas (half wave dipole or quarter wave monopole antennas) cannot be built because of their physical height. Vertical antennas must be used because VLF … See more

    Applications

    Early wireless telegraphy
    Historically, this band was used for long distance transoceanic radio communication … See more

    Amateur use

    The frequency range below 8.3 kHz is not allocated by the International Telecommunication Union and in some nations may be used license-free. Radio amateurs in some countries have been granted permission (or have assumed permission) to … See more

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  5. ku.edu.tr
    https://vlfstanford.ku.edu.tr/research_topic…

    Introduction to VLF – Stanford VLF Group - KU

    WEBELF/VLF stands for Extremely Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency, and refers to the range 300 Hz to 30 kHz. We’re talking about radio waves, like the AM/FM signals you get, just at an even lower frequency.

  7. Listener's Guide
    http://www.listenersguide.org.uk/swl/vlf

    Very Low Frequency Radio - Listener's Guide

  9. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_with_submarines

    Communication with submarines - Wikipedia

  10. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremely_low_frequency

    Extremely low frequency - Wikipedia

  11. Nuclear Resources
    https://nuke.fas.org/guide/usa/c3i/vlf.htm

    Very Low Frequency (VLF) - United States Nuclear Forces

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