At around 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit, steel melts. When aluminum is exposed to moisture and oxygen, it corrodes. While these conventional alloys are ... spaces where new, stronger materials are ...

To create them, the process of modifying the steel surface with carbon, nitrogen, and alloy elements needs to be optimized. To understand the interactions between elements in steel, a systematic ...

The alloy is harder and stronger than the pure metal. Steel contains atoms of other elements as well as iron. These atoms have different sizes to iron atoms, so they distort the layers of atoms in ...