Retinoids come in a variety of strengths and formulations, including retinol, retinaldehyde (retinal), and retinoic acid (tretinoin) — commonly known by the brand name Retin-A. Some forms can be ...

Retinol, as it’s commonly known, is part of a family of molecules called retinoids, the most powerful being retinoic acid or ...

Retinol takes two steps to convert into retinoic acid, converting first into retinaldehyde, which makes it more effective and powerful than retinyl esters,” explains Natali Kelly, the founder of ...

Retinol breaks down to retinoic acid on the skin, which acts like an antioxidant that helps reverse skin damage plus premature signs of aging and acne, says New York City–based dermatologist Dr ...

"Retinyl palmitate needs to undergo three steps to become retinoic acid (the active form), [which] makes it generally less potent than prescription retinoids or even over-the-counter retinol ...

Between 10 and 25% of this is converted to retinol (ROL ... In the fetal tissues, ROL is converted to retinal and then to retinoic acid (RA) by the embryonic retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH ...

all-trans retinol is considered to be a parent form ... their activities by interacting with nuclear receptors (RARs [retinoic acid receptors] or RXRs [retinoic X receptors]) on cells and by ...