Two-photon polymerization is a 3D nanoscale ... 2PP technology can also be used in the fabrication of drug-delivery devices, such as micro-needle arrays — devices that enable transdermal ...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP ... including light-emitting devices and photodetectors. Moreover, the field of micro-optics has seen rapid growth due to the capabilities of TPP.

researchers developed femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW), a cutting-edge approach for sculpting complicated micro-optical devices with nanoscale accuracy (the width of a few human hairs).

Nevertheless, advanced applications, such as single-electron transistors, single-photon emitters (SPE), single-atom memory, or quantum-bit devices, require higher manufacturing spatial resolution ...