Though researchers aren't exactly sure what causes phantom pain, they have found treatment methods that show success.

Phantom limb pain can be a debilitating and confusing experience for ... But one of the ways that I've found that's an easy way, that's not medication so it doesn't really have any systemic effects on ...

“Adding hydrodissection to opioid treatment for post-amputation pain ... However, its effects on phantom limb pain and chronic pain were more limited. Findings are ‘highly relevant to ...