The vibrational absorbance of the material either grows during ALD/MLD or is lost during ALE. Quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) is utilized as an in situ probe on several ALD/E process chamber in the ...

(a) The basic elements of FISH are a DNA probe and a target sequence. (b) Before hybridization, the DNA probe is labeled by various means, such as nick translation, random primed labeling ...

Researchers at the Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, present a robotics concept in which temporary robot ...