These roles are translated to the function of an Op-Amp in a way that makes understanding the common parts quite easy. The crane is the Op-Amp and the floor to which it is trying to lift the crate ...

all you need to know is that these are generic components that you can buy anywhere and that will do just fine in the most common applications. You can buy fancier op amps that improve on some ...

As a service to our readers, we're providing the LTspice files used in Dr. Dyer's article on simulation of the 12AX7 and the K2-W vacuum-tube op amp. 1. The model for the K2-W is established as a ...