Recent research has pinpointed how a difference in rootstock and scion cold hardiness is leading to compromised trees post overwintering.

including apple and pear trees. Stone fruits differ, though, and are trimmed in spring or summer when actively growing. When pruning fruit trees in winter avoid periods of extreme cold ...

Citrus trees are grafted, and that plays a role in how we deal with cold-damaged trees ... The colors on this apple tree represent three different varieties of apples that were grafted onto ...

If left to their own devices, most apple trees grow into large, globe-shaped trees, with the best fruit forming on the tree’s outer perimeter, high above convenient apple-picking height.